Forest & Wetlands

Gulo gulo

WHAT:  The largest of the North American terrestrial weasels. Wolverine coats vary from a dark to pale brown. They have a distinctive yellowish band that extends along the side of the body. The feet are broad and furred with large claws.
WHERE: Some of the western United States.
SIZE: 3 to 4 feet (including tail).
EATS:  Mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and invertebrates.
BABIES: Breeding in April through July. After an 8-10 month pregnancy, the female gives birth to one kit weighing an average of 3.5 oz.
STATUS: Threatened.
FUN FACTS: Males may have individual territories of up to 241 square miles. Due to their strength and tenacity, wolverines fear little and have been known to drive away bears. As solitary animals, wolverines are not very vocal but when angered can produce loud guttural sounds. They may be active anytime during day or night.

Erethizon dorsatu

WHAT: Dark brown to almost black, with an upper body covered in barbed quills between guard hairs, and stiff bristles below. It has four clawed toes on the forefoot and five on the hind foot.
WHERE: Across North America.
SIZE: Length 2-3.5 ft.; height 1 foot; weight up to 33 lbs.
EATS: Plants and inner bark of trees.
BABIES: Breeding in late fall. After a 6-month pregnancy the female gives birth to one porcupette weighing 12-20 oz.
STATUS: Common.
FUN FACTS: When threatened, a porcupine protects itself by climbing or fleeing.
If cornered, it erects its quills, turns its rump toward the source of danger and rapidly lashes out with its tail. The quills are not thrown or shot but must come in contact with skin or other objects to detach.

Lontra canadensis

WHAT: River otters are members of the weasel family, adapted for water living. They have streamlined bodies, short legs with webbed hind feet and a smaller skull.
WHERE: Fresh and salt water that doesn’t freeze throughout North America.
SIZE: Length 3.5-4.5 ft. (including tail); height 7-9 in.; weight 15-20 lbs.
EATS: Fish, small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates.
BABIES: Breeding from June-July. After an 8-month pregnancy the female gives birth to 2-7 young, weighing less than ½ pound.
STATUS: Secure.
FUN FACTS: Otters are among the most playful of mammals: they chase, slide and play with objects.
Near den entrances, otters often twist tufts of grass together to use as scent stations to mark territory or attract mates.
Unlike other members of the weasel family, otters are sociable, living in family groups and sometimes traveling with another family.

Castor canadensis

WHAT: Beavers are large rodents, with blonde to black fur. They have small ears and eyes, and a long, horizontally flattened, paddle-shaped and scaly tail.
WHERE: Forested areas with fresh water across North America.
SIZE: Length 4 ft.; height up to 12 in.; weight 40-60 lbs.
EATS: Leaves, bark, stems and roots.
BABIES: Breeding from January-February. After a 3-month pregnancy, females give birth to 2-3 kits that weighs about one pound.
STATUS: Secure.
FUN FACTS: Beavers are communal animals that live in family groups. When kits reach 2 years old they are driven off.
They are active anytime, but usually nocturnal around humans. When alarmed a beaver will slap its tail on the surface of the water, creating a loud warning for others.
Beavers are engineers, second only to humans in their ability to alter their environment. They work together to construct elaborate dams and lodges to create ponds or wetlands.

Taxidea taxus

WHAT: A short-legged, heavy-bodied carnivore with a flattened
appearance and distinctive white stripe from nose to back.
WHERE: Dry, open country
SIZE: Length 2 –2.5 ft.; weight 15 to 20 lbs.
EATS: Small mammals, reptiles, birds, invertebrates and occasionally plants.
BABIES: Breeding June-July. After a 7-week pregnancy, females give birth to 2-7 young, which weigh less than ½ lb.
STATUS: Secure.
FUN FACTS: Badgers excavate. They dig to find prey, to escape danger, and to survive winter temperatures.
They’re known for solitary behavior and aggressiveness. When cornered badgers will snarl, expose their teeth, and sometimes snap their jaws together.
Although not true hibernators, they will den up during cold weather.

Mephitidae

WHAT: Striped skunks are one of many species of skunk. The skunk’s fur is black with a white stripe that begins as a triangular shape on the top of its head and splits into two stripes that travel down the sides of its back, merging again near the base of its tail.
WHERE: Live in various habitats: woods, plains, and desert areas. They prefer open or forest edge habitats. They are abundant in agricultural lands where food and cover are plentiful as well as urban habitats. .
SIZE: About 2.6 ft in height and about 14 lbs.
EATS: Skunks are nocturnal, opportunistic and omnivorous predators. They feed extensively on insects like grasshoppers and beetles, but will also eat small mammals, birds, fruit, plants, worms, eggs, larvae, reptiles and even fish. Skunks help control insect populations.
BABIES: Females typically give birth from April to June after a 62-68 day gestation. They give birth to 2-10 kits per year.
STATUS: IUCN Status Least Concern
FUN FACTS: Skunks have a good sense of hearing but their vision is poor. Skunks are often reluctant to spray as they only carry enough of the chemical for 5-6 uses. The spray can take up to 10 days to regenerate. Instead, skunks usually display a routine of hisses, foot stamping, and a tail-high threat posture prior to spraying.

Marmota caligata

WHAT: Hoary marmots are the largest member of the squirrel family. They are distinguishable from others of the marmot species due to their larger size, mixed gray and brown coat with darker face and back. There is a white patch above their noses and their feet are typically black.

WHERE: They are common in the subalpine regions of Mount Rainier National Park, which is around the southern limit of their range. They are found all the way north to southern Alaska. Marmots prefer environments with large rocks that act as lookout posts, or build their dens under.

SIZE: Typically between 18-32 inches in total length. They weigh between 9-20 lbs or more.

EATS: Diet consists of roots, mosses, lichens, flowering plants, and berries in the summer, but primarily seeds in the winter. Marmots also consume snow to supplement their water intake.

The thick layers of fat they develop allow them to survive eight to nine months of hibernation each year.

BABIES: Marmots mate yearly in the spring, and litters of 3-8 pups are born after a five week gestation period.

STATUS: IUCN Status Least Concern

FUN FACTS: Marmots are sometimes called “whistle pigs” for the exceptionally loud, shrill whistle-call they can make to warn against the presence of potential predators. Their dens can be up to 30 feet long, with multiple hidden exits and escape routes. After the marmots abandon their dens, they are often used as homes by other small mammals.